An AR pistol is a firearm that combines the basic design, function, and ergonomics of an AR-15 pattern rifle with a barrel that is shorter than the legally required length of a rifle and does not have an attached stock. This distinction is crucial to meet the legal definition of a pistol as outlined by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, which enforces federal gun laws. In most cases, an AR pistol has a barrel shorter than 16 inches but uses a similarly designed upper and lower receiver as an AR-15 rifle. The AR pistol can be chambered in a variety of cartridges, including .223 caliber, .300 Blackout, or even 9mm.